NYSTCE English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) Practice Test

What does the Input hypothesis emphasize as crucial for language acquisition?

1. Comprehensible input

2. Formal instruction on grammar

3. Daily conversational practice

4. Listening to native speakers

The correct answer is: Comprehensible input

The Input Hypothesis, developed by Stephen Krashen, emphasizes the notion of comprehensible input as essential for effective language acquisition. Comprehensible input refers to language that learners can understand, despite not knowing all the vocabulary and grammatical structures. This concept suggests that language acquisition occurs when learners are exposed to language that is slightly above their current level of proficiency, allowing them to infer meaning and make connections to what they already know. By receiving input that they can understand and that also presents some new elements, learners gradually develop their linguistic abilities in a natural and meaningful context. This process contrasts with methods that prioritize formal instruction on grammar or prescribed conversational practice, which may not facilitate the same level of engagement with language as comprehensible input does. While listening to native speakers can certainly contribute to this input, the key element is that the input must be understandable and relevant to the learner's current competencies.